Department of Computer Graphics and Multimedia

Speech Recognition under Real-World Conditions
Reseach leader:Pollák Petr
Team leaders:Černocký Jan, Müller Luděk, Nouza Jan
Team members:Burget Lukáš, Matějka Pavel, Schwarz Petr
Agency:GAČR
Code:GA102/08/0707
Start:2008
End:2011
Keywords:speech recognition
Annotation:
This project follows preceding research projects within which the participating teams developed and implemented basic speech recognition algorithms for Czech. For their successful use in the most challenging applications, such as transcription of talks, recordings of court-hearings, etc., the research must continue in analysis and modelling of colloquial speech recorded in real conditions (e.g. with different backgrounds, noises, or with cross-talk). The main goal of this four-year project is to design and test new speech feature extraction techniques, background or noise suppression, speaker change-point detection, quick adaptation to new speaker characteristics, to improve lexical and phonetic inventory of recognition systems for colloquial speech, and also to develop language models with better coverage of inflective nature of Czech. This project will contribute to advancing the state-of-the-art in basic research of speech recognition and it will facilitate the integration of involved teams into European research community.

Products

Preceding projects

2005New trends in research and application of voice technology, GAČR, GA102/05/0278, 2005-2007, completed
Research leader: Černocký Jan
Team leaders: Burget Lukáš, Grézl František, Chalupníček Kamil, Karafiát Martin, Matějka Pavel, Motlíček Petr, Schwarz Petr, Szőke Igor

Publications

2012Cumani Sandro, Plchot Oldřich, Karafiát Martin: Independent Component Analysis and MLLR Transforms for Speaker Identification, In: Proc. International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal P, Kyoto, JP, IEEESP, 2012, p. 4365-4368, ISBN 978-1-4673-0044-5
 Deoras Anoop, Mikolov Tomáš, Kombrink Stefan, Church Kenneth: Approximate inference: A sampling based modeling technique to capture complex dependencies in a language model, In: Speech Communication, Vol. 2012, No. 8, Amsterdam, NL, p. 1-16, ISSN 0167-6393
 Hain Thomas, Burget Lukáš, Dines John, Garner Phillip N., Grézl František, El Hannani Asmaa, Huijbregts Marijn, Karafiát Martin, Lincoln Mike, Wan Vincent: Transcribing Meetings with the AMIDA System, In: IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing, Vol. 20, No. 2, 2012, US, p. 486-498, ISSN 1558-7916
 Kombrink Stefan, Hannemann Mirko, Burget Lukáš: Out-of-Vocabulary Word Detection and Beyond, Detection and Identification of Rare Audiovisual Cues, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, DE, Springer, 2012, p. 57-65, ISBN 978-3-642-24033-1
 Povey Daniel, Hannemann Mirko, Boulianne Gilles, Burget Lukáš, Ghoshal Arnab, Janda Miloš, Karafiát Martin, Kombrink Stefan, Motlíček Petr, Qian Yanmin, Riedhammer Korbinian, Veselý Karel, Vu Ngoc Thang: Generating Exact Lattices in The WFST Framework, In: Proceedings of 2012 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, Kyoto, JP, IEEESP, 2012, p. 4213-4216, ISBN 978-1-4673-0044-5
2011Bořil Hynek, Grézl František, Hansen John H.: Front-End Compensation Methods for LVCSR Under Lombard Effect, In: Proceedings of Interspeech 2011, Florence, IT, ISCA, 2011, p. 1257-1260, ISBN 978-1-61839-270-1, ISSN 1990-9772
 Burget Lukáš, Plchot Oldřich, Cumani Sandro, Glembek Ondřej, Matějka Pavel, Brümmer Niko: Discriminatively Trained Probabilistic Linear Discriminant Analysis for Speaker Verification, In: Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, ICASSP 2011, Praha, CZ, IEEESP, 2011, p. 4832-4835, ISBN 978-1-4577-0537-3
 Cumani Sandro, Brümmer Niko, Burget Lukáš, Laface Pietro: Fast Discriminative Speaker Verification in the I-Vector Space, In: Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, ICASSP 2011, Praha, CZ, IEEESP, 2011, p. 4852-4855, ISBN 978-1-4577-0537-3
 Deoras Anoop, Mikolov Tomáš, Church Kenneth: A Fast Re-scoring Strategy to Capture Long-Distance Dependencies, In: Proceedings of the 2011 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing July 2011 Edinburgh, Scotland, UK, Edinburgh, GB, ACL, 2011, p. 1116-1127, ISBN 978-1-937284-11-4
 Deoras Anoop, Mikolov Tomáš, Kombrink Stefan, Karafiát Martin, Khudanpur Sanjeev: Variational Approximation of Long-span Language Models for LVCSR, In: Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, ICASSP 2011, Praha, CZ, IEEESP, 2011, p. 5532-5535, ISBN 978-1-4577-0537-3
 Glembek Ondřej, Burget Lukáš, Kenny Patrick, Karafiát Martin, Matějka Pavel: Simplification and optimization of I-Vector Extraction, In: Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, ICASSP 2011, Praha, CZ, IEEESP, 2011, p. 4516-4519, ISBN 978-1-4577-0537-3
 Grézl František, Karafiát Martin, Janda Miloš: Study of Probabilistic and Bottle-Neck Features in Multilingual Environment, In: Proceedings of ASRU 2011, Hilton Waikoloa Village, Big Island, Hawaii, US, IEEESP, 2011, p. 359-364, ISBN 978-1-4673-0366-8
 Grézl František, Karafiát Martin: Integrating recent MLP feature extraction techniques into TRAP architecture, In: Proceedings of Interspeech 2011, Florence, IT, ISCA, 2011, p. 1229-1232, ISBN 978-1-61839-270-1, ISSN 1990-9772
 Grézl František: The Role of Neural Network Size in TRAP/HATS Feature Extraction, In: Proceedings Text, Speech and Dialogue 2011, Plzeň, CZ, Springer, 2011, p. 315-322, ISBN 978-3-642-23537-5, ISSN 0302-9743
 Karafiát Martin, Burget Lukáš, Matějka Pavel, Glembek Ondřej, Černocký Jan: iVector-Based Discriminative Adaptation for Automatic Speech Recognition, In: Proceedings of ASRU 2011, Hilton Waikoloa Village, Big Island, Hawaii, US, IEEESP, 2011, p. 152-157, ISBN 978-1-4673-0366-8
 Kockmann Marcel, Burget Lukáš, Černocký Jan: Application of speaker- and language identification state-of-the-art techniques for emotion recognition, In: Speech Communication, Vol. 53, No. 9, 2011, Amsterdam, NL, p. 1172-1185, ISSN 0167-6393
 Kockmann Marcel, Ferrer Luciana, Burget Lukáš, Černocký Jan: iVector Fusion of Prosodic and Cepstral Features for Speaker Verification, In: Proceedings of Interspeech 2011, Florence, IT, ISCA, 2011, p. 265-268, ISBN 978-1-61839-270-1, ISSN 1990-9772
 Kockmann Marcel, Ferrer Luciana, Burget Lukáš, Shriberg Elisabeth, Černocký Jan: Recent Progress in Prosodic Speaker Verification, In: Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, ICASSP 2011, Praha, CZ, IEEESP, 2011, p. 4556-4559, ISBN 978-1-4577-0537-3
 Kombrink Stefan, Mikolov Tomáš, Karafiát Martin, Burget Lukáš: Recurrent Neural Network based Language Modeling in Meeting Recognition, In: Proceedings of Interspeech 2011, Florence, IT, ISCA, 2011, p. 2877-2880, ISBN 978-1-61839-270-1, ISSN 1990-9772
 Kombrink Stefan, Mikolov Tomáš: Recurrent Neural Network Language Modeling Applied to the Brno AMI/AMIDA 2009 Meeting Recognizer Setup, In: Proceedings of the 17th Conference STUDENT EEICT 2011, Brno, CZ, VUT v Brně, 2011, p. 527-531, ISBN 978-80-214-4273-3
 Matějka Pavel, Glembek Ondřej, Castaldo Fabio, Alam Jahangir, Plchot Oldřich, Kenny Patrick, Burget Lukáš, Černocký Jan: Full-covariance UBM and Heavy-tailed PLDA in I-Vector Speaker Verification, In: Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, ICASSP 2011, Praha, CZ, IEEESP, 2011, p. 4828-4831, ISBN 978-1-4577-0537-3
 Mikolov Tomáš, Deoras Anoop, Kombrink Stefan, Burget Lukáš, Černocký Jan: Empirical Evaluation and Combination of Advanced Language Modeling Techniques, In: Proceedings of Interspeech 2011, Florence, IT, ISCA, 2011, p. 605-608, ISBN 978-1-61839-270-1, ISSN 1990-9772
 Mikolov Tomáš, Deoras Anoop, Povey Daniel, Burget Lukáš, Černocký Jan: Strategies for Training Large Scale Neural Network Language Models, In: Proceedings of ASRU 2011, Hilton Waikoloa Village, Big Island, Hawaii, US, IEEESP, 2011, p. 196-201, ISBN 978-1-4673-0366-8
 Mikolov Tomáš, Kombrink Stefan, Burget Lukáš, Černocký Jan, Khudanpur Sanjeev: Extensions of Recurrent Neural Network Language Model, In: Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, ICASSP 2011, Praha, CZ, IEEESP, 2011, p. 5528-5531, ISBN 978-1-4577-0537-3
 Mikolov Tomáš, Kombrink Stefan, Deoras Anoop, Burget Lukáš, Černocký Jan: RNNLM - Recurrent Neural Network Language Modeling Toolkit, In: Proceedings of ASRU 2011, Hilton Waikoloa Village, Big Island, Hawaii, US, IEEESP, 2011, p. 1-4, ISBN 978-1-4673-0366-8
 Pešán Jan: Rozpoznávání mluvčího na mobilním telefonu, In: Proceedings of the 17th Conference Student EEICT 2011, Brno, CZ, VUT v Brně, 2011, p. 341-343, ISBN 978-80-214-4272-6
 Povey Daniel, Burget Lukáš, Agarwal Mohit, Akyazi Pinar, Ghoshal Arnab, Glembek Ondřej, Goel Nagendra K., Karafiát Martin, Rastrow Ariya, Rose Richard, Schwarz Petr, Thomas Samuel et al: The subspace Gaussian mixture model-A structured model for speech recognition, In: Computer Speech and Language, Vol. 25, No. 2, 2011, Amsterdam, NL, p. 404-439, ISSN 0885-2308
 Veselý Karel, Karafiát Martin, Grézl František: Convolutive Bottleneck Network Features for LVCSR, In: Proceedings of ASRU 2011, Big Island, Hawaii, US, IEEESP, 2011, p. 42-47, ISBN 978-1-4673-0366-8
2010Brummer Niko, Burget Lukáš, Kenny Patrick, Matějka Pavel, de Villiers Edward, Karafiát Martin, Kockmann Marcel, Glembek Ondřej, Plchot Oldřich, Baum Doris, Senoussauoi Mohammed: ABC System description for NIST SRE 2010, In: Proc. NIST 2010 Speaker Recognition Evaluation, Brno, CZ, NIST, 2010, p. 1-20
 Grézl František, Karafiát Martin: Hierarchical Neural Net Architectures for Feature Extraction in ASR, In: Proceedings of the 11th Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association (INTERSPEECH 2010), Makuhari, Chiba, JP, ISCA, 2010, p. 1201-1204, ISBN 978-1-61782-123-3, ISSN 1990-9772
 Hain Thomas, Burget Lukáš, Dines John, Garner Phillip N., El Hannani Asmaa, Huijbregts Marijn, Karafiát Martin, Lincoln Mike, Wan Vincent: The AMIDA 2009 Meeting Transcription System, In: Proceedings of the 11th Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association (INTERSPEECH 2010), Makuhari, Chiba, JP, ISCA, 2010, p. 358-361, ISBN 978-1-61782-123-3, ISSN 1990-9772
 Hannemann Mirko, Kombrink Stefan, Karafiát Martin, Burget Lukáš: Similarity Scoring for Recognizing Repeated Out-of-VocabularyWords, In: Proceedings of the 11th Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association (INTERSPEECH 2010), Makuhari, Chiba, JP, ISCA, 2010, p. 897-900, ISBN 978-1-61782-123-3, ISSN 1990-9772
 Jančík Zdeněk, Plchot Oldřich, Brummer Niko, Burget Lukáš, Glembek Ondřej, Hubeika Valiantsina, Karafiát Martin, Matějka Pavel, Mikolov Tomáš, Strasheim Albert, Černocký Jan: Data selection and calibration issues in automatic language recognition - investigation with BUT-AGNITIO NIST LRE 2009 system, In: Proc. Odyssey 2010 - The Speaker and Language Recognition Workshop, Brno, CZ, ISCA, 2010, p. 215-221, ISBN 978-80-214-4114-9
 Karafiát Martin, Szőke Igor, Černocký Jan: Using Gradient Descent Optimization for Acoustics Training from Heterogeneous Data, In: Proc. Text, Speech and Dialog 2010, Brno, CZ, Springer, 2010, p. 322-329, ISBN 978-3-642-15759-2, ISSN 0302-9743
 Kockmann Marcel, Burget Lukáš, Černocký Jan: Brno University of Technology System for Interspeech 2010 Paralinguistic Challenge, In: Proceedings of the 11th Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association (INTERSPEECH 2010), Makuhari, Chiba, JP, ISCA, 2010, p. 2822-2825, ISBN 978-1-61782-123-3, ISSN 1990-9772
 Kockmann Marcel, Burget Lukáš, Černocký Jan: Investigations into prosodic syllable contour features for speaker recognition, In: Proc. International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, Dallas, US, IEEESP, 2010, p. 4418-4421, ISBN 978-1-4244-4296-6, ISSN 1520-6149
 Kockmann Marcel, Burget Lukáš, Glembek Ondřej, Ferrer Luciana, Černocký Jan: Prosodic Speaker Verification using Subspace Multinomial Models with Intersession Compensation, In: Proceedings of the 11th Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association (INTERSPEECH 2010), Makuhari, Chiba, Japan, JP, ISCA, 2010, p. 1061-1064, ISBN 978-1-61782-123-3, ISSN 1990-9772
 Kombrink Stefan, Hannemann Mirko, Burget Lukáš, Heřmanský Hynek: Recovery of Rare Words in Lecture Speech, In: Proc. Text, Speech and Dialogue 2010, Brno, CZ, Springer, 2010, p. 330-337, ISBN 978-3-642-15759-2, ISSN 0302-9743
 Kombrink Stefan, Hannemann Mirko, Burget Lukáš: Out-of-vocabulary word detection and beyond, In: ECML PKDD 2010 Proceedings and Journal Content, Barcelona, ES, 2010, p. 1-8
 Mikolov Tomáš, Karafiát Martin, Burget Lukáš, Černocký Jan, Khudanpur Sanjeev: Recurrent neural network based language model, In: Proceedings of the 11th Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association (INTERSPEECH 2010), Makuhari, Chiba, JP, ISCA, 2010, p. 1045-1048, ISBN 978-1-61782-123-3, ISSN 1990-9772
 Mikolov Tomáš, Plchot Oldřich, Glembek Ondřej, Matějka Pavel, Burget Lukáš, Černocký Jan: PCA-based Feature Extraction for Phonotactic Language Recognition, In: Proc. Odyssey 2010 - The Speaker and Language Recognition Workshop, Brno, CZ, ISCA, 2010, p. 251-255, ISBN 978-80-214-4114-9
 Santhosh Kumar Chellappan Pillai, Li Haizhou, Tong Rong, Matějka Pavel, Burget Lukáš, Černocký Jan: Tuning phone decoders for language identification, In: Proc. International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing 2010, Dallas, US, IEEESP, 2010, p. 5010-5013, ISBN 978-1-4244-4296-6, ISSN 1520-6149
 Szőke Igor, Grézl František, Černocký Jan, Fapšo Michal: Acoustic keyword spotter - optimization from end-user perspective, In: Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE Spoken Language Technology Workshop, Berkeley, California, US, IEEESP, 2010, p. 177-181, ISBN 978-1-4244-7902-3
 Veselý Karel, Burget Lukáš, Grézl František: Parallel Training of Neural Networks for Speech Recognition, In: Prof. Text, Speech and Dialogue 2010, Brno, CZ, Springer, 2010, p. 439-446, ISBN 978-3-642-15759-2, ISSN 0302-9743
 Veselý Karel, Burget Lukáš, Grézl František: Parallel Training of Neural Networks for Speech Recognition, In: Proceedings of the 11th Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association (INTERSPEECH 2010), Makuhari, Chiba, JP, ISCA, 2010, p. 2934-2937, ISSN 1990-9772
 Veselý Karel: Parallel training of neural networks for speech recognition, In: Proceedings of the 16th Conference STUDENT EEICT 2010, Brno, CZ, VUT v Brně, 2010, p. 74-76, ISBN 978-80-214-4078-4
2009Brümmer Niko, Burget Lukáš, Glembek Ondřej, Hubeika Valiantsina, Jančík Zdeněk, Karafiát Martin, Matějka Pavel, Mikolov Tomáš, Plchot Oldřich, Strasheim Albert: BUT-AGNITIO System Description for NIST Language Recognition Evaluation 2009, In: Proceedings NIST 2009 Language Recognition Evaluation Workshop, Baltimore, Maryland, USA, US, NIST, 2009, p. 1-7
 Brümmer Niko, Strasheim Albert, Hubeika Valiantsina, Matějka Pavel, Burget Lukáš, Glembek Ondřej: Discriminative Acoustic Language Recognition via Channel-Compensated GMM Statistics, In: Proc. Interspeech 2009, Brighton, GB, ISCA, 2009, p. 2187-2190, ISSN 1990-9772
 Burget Lukáš, Fapšo Michal, Hubeika Valiantsina, Glembek Ondřej, Karafiát Martin, Kockmann Marcel, Matějka Pavel, Schwarz Petr, Černocký Jan: BUT system for NIST 2008 speaker recognition evaluation, In: Proc. Interspeech 2009, Brighton, GB, ISCA, 2009, p. 2335-2338, ISSN 1990-9772
 Burget Lukáš, Matějka Pavel, Hubeika Valiantsina, Černocký Jan: Investigation into variants of Joint Factor Analysis for speaker recognition, In: Proc. Interspeech 2009, Brighton, GB, ISCA, 2009, p. 1263-1266, ISSN 1990-9772
 Glembek Ondřej, Burget Lukáš, Dehak Najim, Brümmer Niko, Kenny Patrick: Comparison of Scoring Methods used in Speaker Recognition with Joint Factor Analysis, In: Proc. ICASSP 2009, Taipei, TW, IEEESP, 2009, p. 4, ISBN 978-1-4244-2354-5
 Grézl František, Černocký Jan: Audio Surveillance through Known Event Classification, In: Radioengineering, Vol. 18, No. 4, 2009, CZ, p. 671-675, ISSN 1210-2512
 Grézl František, Karafiát Martin, Burget Lukáš: Investigation into bottle-neck features for meeting speech recognition, In: Proc. Interspeech 2009, Brighton, GB, ISCA, 2009, p. 2947-2950, ISBN 978-1-61567-692-7, ISSN 1990-9772
 Karafiát Martin: Study of linear transformations applied to training of cross-domain adapted large vocabulary continuous speech recognition systems, Brno, CZ, 2009, p. 73
 Kockmann Marcel, Burget Lukáš, Černocký Jan: Brno University of Technology System for Interspeech 2009 Emotion Challenge, In: Proc. Interspeech 2009, Brighton, GB, ISCA, 2009, p. 348-351, ISSN 1990-9772
 Kombrink Stefan, Burget Lukáš, Matějka Pavel, Karafiát Martin, Heřmanský Hynek: Posterior-based Out of Vocabulary Word Detection in Telephone Speech, In: Proc. Interspeech 2009, Brighton, GB, ISCA, 2009, p. 80-83, ISSN 1990-9772
 Schwarz Petr: Phoneme recognition based on long temporal context, Brno, CZ, FIT VUT, 2009, p. 95
2008Burget Lukáš, Fapšo Michal, Hubeika Valiantsina, Glembek Ondřej, Karafiát Martin, Kockmann Marcel, Matějka Pavel, Schwarz Petr, Černocký Jan: Brno University Of Technology - NIST 2008 SRE, Montreal, CA, 2008, p. 1-28
 Burget Lukáš, Fapšo Michal, Hubeika Valiantsina, Glembek Ondřej, Karafiát Martin, Kockmann Marcel, Matějka Pavel, Schwarz Petr, Černocký Jan: BUT system description: NIST SRE 2008, In: Proc. 2008 NIST Speaker Recognition Evaluation Workshop, Montreal, CA, NIST, 2008, p. 1-4
 Burget Lukáš, Schwarz Petr, Matějka Pavel, Hannemann Mirko, Rastrow Ariya, White Christopher, Khudanpur Sanjeev, Heřmanský Hynek, Černocký Jan: Combination of strongly and weakly constrained recognizers for reliable detection of OOVs, In: Proc. International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP), Las Vegas, US, IEEESP, 2008, p. 4, ISBN 1-4244-1484-9
 Glembek Ondřej, Matějka Pavel, Burget Lukáš, Mikolov Tomáš: Advances in Phonotactic Language Recognition, In: Proc. Interspeech 2008, Brisbane, AU, ISCA, 2008, p. 4, ISSN 1990-9772
 Grézl František, Fousek Petr: Optimizing bottle-neck features for LVCSR, In: 2008 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, Las Vegas, Nevada, US, IEEESP, 2008, p. 4729-4732, ISBN 1-4244-1484-9
 Hubeika Valiantsina, Burget Lukáš, Matějka Pavel, Schwarz Petr: Discriminative Training and Channel Compensation for Acoustic Language Recognition, In: Proc. Interspeech 2008, Brisbane, AU, ISCA, 2008, p. 4, ISSN 1990-9772
 Karafiát Martin, Burget Lukáš, Hain Thomas, Černocký Jan: Discrimininative training of narrow band - wide band adaptated systems for meeting recognition, In: Proc. Interspeech 2008, Brisbane, AU, ISCA, 2008, p. 4, ISSN 1990-9772
 Kockmann Marcel, Burget Lukáš: Contour modeling of prosodic and acoustic features for speaker recognition, In: Proc. 2008 IEEE Workshop on Spoken Language Technology, Goa, IN, IEEESP, 2008, p. 4, ISBN 978-1-4244-3472-5
 Kockmann Marcel, Burget Lukáš: Syllable based Feature-Contours for Speaker Recognition, In: Proc. 14th International Workshop on Advances in Speech Technology, Maribor, SI, 2008, p. 4
 Matějka Pavel, Burget Lukáš, Glembek Ondřej, Schwarz Petr, Hubeika Valiantsina, Fapšo Michal, Mikolov Tomáš, Plchot Oldřich, Černocký Jan: BUT language recognition system for NIST 2007 evaluations, In: Proc. Interspeech 2008, Brisbane, Australia, AU, ISCA, 2008, p. 4, ISSN 1990-9772
 Mikolov Tomáš: LANGUAGE MODELS FOR AUTOMATIC SPEECH RECOGNITION OF CZECH LECTURES, In: Proc. STUDENT EEICT 2008, Brno, CZ, FEKT VUT, 2008, p. 1-5, ISBN 978-80-214-3617-6
 Plchot Oldřich, Hubeika Valiantsina, Burget Lukáš, Schwarz Petr, Matějka Pavel: Acquisition of Telephone Data from Radio Broadcasts with Applications to Language Recognition, In: Proc. 11th International Conference on Text, Speech and Dialogue, Berlin, DE, Springer, 2008, p. 477-483, ISBN 978-3-540-87390-7
 Szőke Igor, Burget Lukáš, Černocký Jan, Fapšo Michal: Sub-word modeling of out of vocabulary words in spoken term detection, In: Proc. 2008 IEEE Workshop on Spoken Language Technology, Goa, IN, IEEESP, 2008, p. 4, ISBN 978-1-4244-3472-5
 Szőke Igor, Fapšo Michal, Burget Lukáš, Černocký Jan: Hybrid word-subword decoding for spoken term detection, In: Proc. SSCS 2008: Speech search workshop at SIGIR, Singapore, SG, ACM, 2008, p. 4, ISBN 978-90-365-2697-5

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